Health Education Intervention Research Articles

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Audiovisual Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Pada Petani Coklat di Jembrana Bali

Background: Diabetes mellitus, also abbreviated as DM, is a non-communicable disease whose number of sufferers is increasing. DM (diabetes) sufferers are not only the elderly but also many people of productive age. The Jembrana District Health Service noted that DM is a disease that is included in the top 10 most common diseases in hospitals and health centers in Jembrana. A total of 6,740 DM patients have been registered and controlled at community health centers in Jembrana. Melaya, one of the sub-districts in Jembrana, recorded that during 2020 there were 782 cases recorded. Methods: This type of research is a pre-experimental design using one group pre-test and post-test design. The research location is the Kerta Semaya Samaniya Jembrana Cooperative, Bali. The sampling method was nonprobability sampling using the consecutive method. The total research sample was 38 respondents. The data collection tools used are DKQ and DSMQ. The data analysis used is univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Willcoxon Rank Test. Results: Most respondents had poor knowledge and attitudes in the prevention of diabetes mellitus before the intervention, and there was an increase in knowledge and attitudes after respondents were given an audiovisual-based health education intervention. There is an influence of audiovisual-based health education with p = 0.000 (p<0.05), thus it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in knowledge and attitudes between before and after providing audiovisual-based educational videos. Conclusion: Providing audiovisual-based health education about preventing diabetes mellitus has proven to be effective in increasing knowledge and attitudes in preventing diabetes mellitus.  

Ineffective Health Management for Family Hypertension Care in Sumberjambe Community Health Center

Background: The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays a role in reducing the risk of disease and increasing health status. Ineffective family health management occurs when the pattern of handling problems is not satisfactory enough to restore the health condition of family members. Purpose: This scientific work aims to identify healthcare problems with hypertensive families and provide interventions for families. Methods: This study used a case study method that described the health management of three families with hypertension in the Sumberjamber-Jember Health Center work area, then interventions were given in the form of health education, anti-hypertension exercises, and herbal cucumber juice therapy for three consecutive days. Results: After nursing care, it was obtained that there was an increase in knowledge related to hypertension seen from the pre-post test value, there was a change in blood pressure at 10 minutes before and after the anti-hypertension exercise, and no decrease in blood pressure was found after giving cucumber extract herbal therapy. Conclusion: Nurses can implement health education interventions, physical activity, and additional therapy in solving ineffective family health management problems.

Effect of traditional birth attendants-led health education intervention on utilization of skilled birth care in West Pokot County, Kenya

Effect of traditional birth attendants-led health education intervention on utilization of skilled birth care in West Pokot County, Kenya

Health education to promote knowledge about sickle cell disease and newborn screening in pregnant women: a community-based pilot study using the healthy beginning initiative

BackgroundPregnancy presents a critical period for any maternal and child health intervention that may impact the health of the newborn. With low antenatal care attendance by pregnant women in health facilities in Nigeria, community-based programs could enable increased reach for health education about sickle cell disease (SCD) and newborn screening (NBS) among pregnant women. This pilot study aimed to assess the effect of education on the knowledge about SCD and NBS among pregnant women using the Healthy Beginning Initiative, a community-based framework.MethodsA pre-post study design was used to evaluate knowledge of SCD and NBS in a convenience sample of 89 consenting pregnant women from three communities. Participants were given surveys prior to and following completion of a health education session. McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportion of participants with correct responses. The level of significance was taken as p < 0.05.ResultsCompared to pre-test values, post-test values showed that participants understood that SCD is hereditary (93.3% vs. 69.7%), both parents must have at least one gene for someone to have SCD (98.9% vs. 77.5) and blood test is the right way to know if one has SCD (98.8% vs. 78.7%). Also, a large proportion of participants (post-test ~ 89.9%; compared to pre-test ~ 23.6%) understood that the chance of conceiving a child with SCD was 25% for a couple with the sickle cell trait (SCT). Knowledge of the possibility of diagnosing SCD shortly after birth was highly increased in the post test phase of the study when compared to the pre-test phase (93.3% vs. 43.9%, respectively). Concerning the overall knowledge scores, those with high level of knowledge significantly increase from 12.6% pretest to 87.4% posttest (p = 0.015).ConclusionThe health education intervention was associated with significant improvement on almost all measures of SCD knowledge. Focused health education for pregnant women using community structures can improve knowledge of SCD and NBS.

Effects of a WhatsApp-Assisted Health Educational Intervention for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol.

Although the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in secondary prevention is well-recognized, there is a lack of studies exploring the potential of mobile health to enhance educational interventions within CR. The objective is to assess the impact of a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention, in conjunction with the usual care, compared to the usual care alone among participants enrolled in a CR program. The trial will recruit 32 participants enrolled in a CR program, who will be randomly assigned to a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention plus usual care or usual care alone group. The intervention will span 4 weeks, with assessments at baseline, 4 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the cardiovascular risk factors knowledge score. Secondary outcomes include physical activity levels, anxiety and depression, and quality of life. Expected results include improved knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, increased physical activity levels, and better mental health outcomes in the intervention group. Additionally, an enhancement in the overall quality of life is anticipated. These findings are expected to underscore the value of integrating mHealth with traditional CR methods, potentially shaping future approaches in chronic disease management and prevention.

Qualitative Analysis Following the Delivery of a Farmer Lifestyle Program

ABSTRACT Background Irish farmers are adversely affected by noncommunicable diseases. Although there has been an increase in farmer health promotion activities in Ireland, farmers views on lifestyle programs are currently unknown. Objectives To qualitatively analyze the impact of the previously mentioned 6-week physical activity and health education intervention on farmer health and to investigate how best to support this cohort moving forward. Methods A qualitative study was conducted online (two interviews, three focus groups) with fourteen Irish farmers (53.5 ± 6.5 years) who completed the 6-week program in December 2019. Interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes. Results The main themes that emerged from this study were barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for lifestyle programs aimed to improve farmer health. Additional views on health and lifestyle behaviors were mentioned. Time of year was reported as the main barrier for farmers to engage in lifestyle programs. The key facilitators reported by farmers were the social health benefits obtained from the program and the farmer-specific nature of the program. Farmers suggested that physical activity and health education programs that are farmer-specific, delivered locally and catering for all fitness abilities should be more widely available to them. Although some farmers reported that they maintained the lifestyle behaviors they established during the initial 6-week program, follow-up supports are needed to encourage sustainable behavior change. Conclusions Interventions that are farmer-specific, community-based, and feasible within the context of available resources may be effective in improving farmer health. Working in partnership with organizations that support farmers has the potential to improve farmer health.

Effect of nursing intervention on women’s knowledge about pregnancy problems and utilization of obstetrics care services in Edu, Kwara State, Nigeria

PurposeThis study assesses the effect of nursing intervention on the knowledge of women about pregnancy-related problems and utilization of obstetrics care services in Edu, Nigeria. MethodsPre-test post-test control of quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. Researchers-designed questionnaire was used for data collection and a split-half test was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. One hundred and twenty women were exposed to ten weeks of community-based nursing education intervention sessions, (sixty experimental groups and sixty control groups). Pre-tests administered to sampled women before nursing health education intervention sessions and followed by Post-test. The results were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the t-test was used to test the hypothesis at an Alpha level of 0.05. ResultsThe findings showed the positive effect of a nursing health education intervention on the knowledge of women about pregnancy problems with pre-intervention on experimental group mean of 63.33, and post-intervention mean of 72.22 with t-value of 1.26 less than the table value of 1.96. The study further showed a mean score of 35.97 experimental group and 28.33 for the control group with a t-value of 1.64, which shows little effect of intervention on the willingness of women to utilize obstetrics care services in Edu, Nigeria. ConclusionThe study concluded that the nursing health education intervention programme in this study on pregnancy-related problems programmes had a positive effect on the knowledge of women but had no effect on the utilization of OCS by women in Edu Local Government Areas. We recommended that health education programmes should be intensified to improve the knowledge level of women and encourage the use of obstetric care services in the community.

Factors associated with the risk of malaria among children: analysis of 2021 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey

BackgroundMalaria remains a burden globally, with the African region accounting for 94% of the overall disease burden and deaths in 2019. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a shortage of information on how they may influence malaria transmission among under-fives in Nigeria.MethodsThis study was based on the secondary data analysis of the Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey 2021. The study sample comprised 10,645 women (aged 15–49) who delivered a child in the 2 years preceding the survey. The study was restricted to under-fives. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of malaria.ResultsThere was a positive association between the risk of malaria and heard/seen malaria messages in the last 6 months (AOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19–1.62), houses with walls built using rudimentary materials (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.83), at least 6 children living in the house (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.49), children being 1 or 2 years old was associated with increased odds (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.50–2.34 and AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.52–2.36), children from households with only treated nets (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46) and those from the North West or South East regions (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.05 and AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.16), respectively. All other predictors were not associated with the risk of malaria.ConclusionThe factors associated with the risk of malaria in this study included sleeping under treated mosquito nets, the age of the children, residing in the northwest and southeast regions, wall construction material, 6 children and above in the household and hearing/seen malaria messages in the last 6 months. Continuous health education and public health interventions, such as the provision of LLITNs, will reduce the risk of malaria and improve the health and well-being of children under 5 years of age.

Integrating mental health literacy in the English language arts middle school classroom

Mental health challenges are on the rise among today’s youth. Recent reports have noted an acute and significant need for school-based mental health education and supportive interventions for children and adolescents. Among these approaches, a growing focus has centered on improving students’ mental health literacy (MHL) as a foundational component in addressing overall mental health needs. While schools offer an ideal venue for access and implementation, there exist a variety of limitations to integrating MHL content, particularly within the middle school classroom. In this manuscript, we offer recommendations for educators, school social support workers, and administrators who are interested in teaming together to develop and embed a literature-based MHL curriculum into the middle school English Language Arts (ELA) classroom. Our suggestions offer a framework for planning, developing, and implementing such a curriculum within the confines of current school structures and processes while maintaining the teacher’s role as educator.

Reducing gadget use intensity in preschool-aged children through storytelling and coloring therapy

The use of gadgets in the current era of globalization has become a concerning trend, especially among preschool children, leading to addiction and detrimental effects on their physical, psychological, and emotional health. It has also resulted in increased social isolation and hindered development. The impact of this trend is significantly influenced by the roles of parents, family, and the surrounding environment. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health education using modules on the benefits of storytelling and coloring therapy in enhancing parents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding prudent gadget use in preschool children. The research design was a pre-post quasi-experiment without a control group. The population comprised parents with preschool children attending 11 public kindergartens in Samarinda City. A total sampling method was utilized, resulting in 303 respondents. Health education intervention occurred after the pre-test, followed by one month of assistance and a subsequent post-test. The research instrument was a questionnaire adapted from the theory of planned behavior, assessing parents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to providing gadgets to children. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicate a significant influence of health education using modules on the benefits of storytelling and coloring therapy on parents' wise gadget use in preschool children (p-value &lt; 0.005). Thus, health education for parents on prudent gadget use in preschoolers is highly recommended, particularly during parent meetings at school.

Effect of peer health education intervention on HIV/AIDS knowledge amongst in-school adolescents in secondary schools in Imo State, Nigeria

BackgroundPeer education is an approach to health promotion in which community members are supported to promote health-enhancing change among their peers. The study assessed the effect of peer health education on HIV/AIDS knowledge amongst in-school adolescents in secondary schools in Imo State.MethodsThis was an intervention study carried out among 296 and 287 in-school adolescents aged 15 to 19 years attending Akwakuma Girls Secondary School and Federal Government Girls College Owerri Imo State respectively. The study was in three stages: before intervention, intervention, and after intervention. The impact of peer education was evaluated twelve weeks after intervention. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The study utilized a quasi-experimental study design. The chi-square test and McNemar’s test were used to test the hypothesis with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe result from the study revealed that the majority (73%) of the respondents at Akwakuma Girls Secondary School (test group) had poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS mode of transmission and prevention at baseline. The overall good knowledge of respondents in the test group improved from 27 to 81% after the intervention. 36% of the respondents in the control group had good knowledge at baseline, the knowledge of 64% of them with poor knowledge at baseline were compared post-test to those in the test group who also had poor knowledge at baseline. The knowledge of only 27.7% of those in the control group increased post-test while the remaining 72.3% still had poor knowledge. The result of the inter-school comparison using Chi-square revealed that the p-value was statistically significant. Intra-school comparison using McNemar’s test revealed a statistical significance for all questions in the test group, while none was positively significant in the control group.ConclusionsPeer health education improved the knowledge of the students at Akwakuma Girls Secondary School which was very low at the baseline. The knowledge of the students in the control group with poor knowledge at baseline didn’t increase post-study. Peer health education should be strengthened and expanded as one of the tools for behavior change among adolescents. There should be more focus on adolescents for HIV-targeted prevention.

Design considerations for the migration from paper to screen-based media in current health education for older adults: a scoping review

ObjectivesTo map the current use of paper-based and/or screen-based media for health education aimed at older people.DesignA scoping review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and...

Effects of health educational and participatory consumer group interventions in improving food handling practices in regional director of health services area Kalutara, Sri Lanka: non-randomized controlled community trial

IntroductionSafe and nutritious food is the key to sustaining life and promoting good health. Unsafe food creates a vicious cycle of disease and malnutrition, particularly affecting infants, young children, the elderly, and the sick.MethodsThe study consisted of two phases, a descriptive cross-sectional study, and an intervention study. Both studies were conducted in the Regional Director of Health Services area, Kalutara, Sri Lanka. The descriptive cross-sectional study [food handlers (n = 904), food establishments (n = 421)] was conducted with the objective of determining factors associated with food handling practices among food handlers and in food establishments. The interventional study was a three-arm non-randomized controlled community trial (n = 50 per arm) with interventions of a participatory consumer group, educational package group, and control group.ResultsThe food establishments assessment tool (FEAT) contained 11 domains including 75 items with more than a hundred assessment points with a guide to conduct an assessment of food handling. The descriptive cross-sectional study found that food handlers’ knowledge of food handling practices of storing milk, fish, and meat and fast-food items containing fish and meat was very poor (96.6%). Visibility of the last place of processing inside the food establishments to consumers was inadequate (19.2%) and the absence of the above-mentioned factor was significantly associated with an unsatisfactory level of food handling score in food establishments (p = 0.03). The unsatisfactory level of food handling was significantly higher among food establishments with non-personal ownership (p = 0.005), a low number of notices issued by legal authorities (p = 0.02), dereliction of duty by owners/managers on supervising (p < 0.001) and lack of medical certification to food handlers (p < 0.0001). Participatory consumer group intervention and educational package interventions were effective in improving food handling practices in food establishments and among food handlers (p < 0.0001). Two independent sample analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test showed, the best improvement in food handling practices was by participatory consumer group intervention (p < 0.0001) and the second was educational package intervention (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsKnowledge and practices of food handling among participants were poor. A participatory consumer group is more effective than an educational package on improving food handling practices both among food handlers and in food establishments.

Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Women in a Selected Community of Kathmandu, Nepal

Cervical cancer is considered a cancer that is preventable by means of vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV) and early detection by screening. Its incidence is decreasing in developed countries but not in developing countries, including Nepal. Disease ignorance and low awareness about available preventive health services are the main causes for cervical cancer still being a leading cause of death by cancer. We evaluated the effectiveness of a health educational intervention in improving women’s knowledge about cervical cancer and its prevention in a semi-urban community of Kathmandu. Health education was provided in an interactive lecture for women of reproductive age in various wards of Shankarapur Municipality, Kathmandu. Its effectiveness was assessed by comparing the level of knowledge before and four weeks after the intervention, by interviewing participants based on a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions. The study was completed in 126 women (mean age 33.5 years). The mean pre-test and post-test correct scores were 10.2 and 42.13 respectively (p &lt;0.001). Initially, 96.8% had poor knowledge (score &lt;60.0% of total); post-intervention, 87.3% had good knowledge (score ≥80.0%, p &lt;0.001). Knowledge before intervention was especially poor among older age, less educated, housewives or doing small business, and married women (p &lt;0.001). Knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention is poor among community women. A health education is very effective in improving women’s knowledge and should be implemented as a policy to achieve the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health issue.

The impact of health education intervention on perceptions of menstrual cup among college going female students in peri-urban Bangalore.

To assess the impact of health educational intervention on perceptions of menstrual cup usage among female students enrolled in a degree college in Bangalore district. An interventional study was conducted among female students studying in a degree college in peri-urban Bangalore. Universal sampling was followed and a prior face validated questionnaire was administered to the students after to assess their perceptions, followed by a health education intervention. The subjects were followed up after a period of one month, to assess the impact of health education in changing their perception towards menstrual cups. Among 83 study participants with mean age 19.5±0.95 years, post intervention we found a 42 % increase in the total awareness score and a 35 % increase in total attitude score towards menstrual cup use. There was an increase by 36.1 % (p<0.001) among participants who considered menstrual cup better than sanitary napkins. A reduction by 27.7 % (p=0.024) of reported fear of pain and discomfort while using menstrual cup was noted. There was a significant improvement in the overall awareness about how to use a menstrual cup, advantages, and attitude towards the usage of menstrual cups following the health educational intervention. Health education was found to have a positive impact on perceptions of menstrual cup.

Evaluation of depression symptoms and depression literacy among medical students: a cross-sectional study.

Mental health plays an important role in educational performance. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between depression symptoms, depression literacy, and quality of life in undergraduate and postgraduate medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 in Riyadh with 263 medical students. Data were obtained using three different sets of questionnaires (a demographic section, the Depression Literacy Scale, and a quality-of-life questionnaire). In total, 134 men (51%) and 129 women (49%) participated in the study; out of these, 142 participants reported depression, while 109 individuals reported family-related depression. Only 25% of the participants attended depression seminars and workshops in the last year, while 83% felt that depression was an illness. Students with a family history of depression also reported higher levels of depression. Depression was lowest among students who attended depression management seminars or workshops. Marital status did not affect depression among medical students. These findings reveal that depression is widespread among medical students and that counseling and frequent depression assessments are required. There is a need for greater awareness of different aspects of depression among medical students, parents, and medical educators. Health education programs and interventions targeting mental health care can be implemented at the individual, family, and community levels.

Pre–post evaluation of the emotions and motivations for transformative action of medical students in Germany after two different planetary health educational interventions

BackgroundClimate change is the greatest threat to human health. Medical students, as future health-care workers, are important in promoting sustainable behaviours, which are strongly associated with individuals' emotional responses to climate change. At Würzburg University Hospital (Würzburg, Germany), a one-term optional course (40 learning units) about planetary health and two lectures within the curricular course Environmental Medicine were introduced in 2021. We aimed to examine the effects of these courses on the emotions and motivations of students in acting against climate change. MethodsWe surveyed medical students from both courses during four consecutive terms during 2021–23 with a pre–post design using an anonymous online questionnaire on EvaSys. The survey consisted of 20 closed questions based on a 5-point Likert scale and six open questions. Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS version 28.0.1.1. Qualitative data were analysed with Kuckartz' qualitative content analysis. Findings458 students were initially involved (349 [76%] in the lectures and 109 [24%] in the optional course) and 396 students were involved until the final date (288 [73%] in the lectures and 108 [27%] in the optional course). Mean response rate was 389 (85%) of 458 students pre-survey and 315 (80%) of 396 post-survey. The most frequently reported initial emotions of medical students from both cohorts were “helplessness” (220 [57%] of 389), “fear” (197 [51%]), and “disappointment” (171 [44%]). Only 82 (21%) of 389 students reported having “motivation to act” and 45 (12%) reported having “confidence”. When comparing 176 matched pre-lecture and post-lecture Likert scale values of reported emotions, we observed a significant decrease in “helplessness” (mean difference –0·37, 95% CI –0·2 to –0·53; p<0·0001; d=0·34) and “disappointment” (–0·35, –0·2 to –0·49; p<0·0001; d=0·36) and a significant increase in “confidence” (0·67, 0·82 to 0·51; p<0·0001; d=0·65 and “motivation to act” (0·4, 0·53 to 0·27; p<0·0001; d=0·46). Students associated these changes with options for action offered in the lecture. InterpretationThis pre–post evaluation provides evidence for a positive effect of planetary health education at the university level. Educators should focus on options for action and create space for improving emotional resilience within courses. FundingNone.

Impact of health education on promoting influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol

IntroductionInfluenza is a major public health threat, and vaccination is the most effective prevention method. However, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. Low health literacy regarding influenza vaccination may contribute to vaccine...

A Study to Determine the Prevalence, Risk Factors and Perception of Overweight and Obesity by Parent and Adolescent and Evaluate the Effectiveness of a School-Based Intervention Program on BMI, Body Fat Composition and Selected Health-Related Behaviour Patterns among Adolescents in Kanyakumari District

Adolescents are increasingly susceptible to obesity, and thus at risk of later non-communicable diseases, due to changes in food choices, physical activity levels and exposure to an obese environment. This review aimed to synthesize the literature investigating the effectiveness of health education interventions delivered in school settings to prevent overweight and obesity and/ or reduce BMI in adolescents, and to explore the key features of effectiveness.

Adolescents and reproductive health: Promoting healthy habits for reproductive well-being

Adolescence is characterized by rapid physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, and reproductive changes. Providing accurate and sufficient information is crucial in preparing young individuals to face these changes. This program aims to improve the understanding of reproductive health, namely puberty, among early adolescents in grades IV and V (aged 10-14 years) at Banyuurip Elementary School. The design utilized is a quasi-experimental method including pre-test and post-test assessments. Thirty-eight students were chosen for this study by purposive sampling. The program's effectiveness is evaluated by a questionnaire, and the data is analyzed using a paired t-test. The data shows a notable difference in knowledge levels before and after obtaining health education through lectures and chats. Prior to health education implementation, most students demonstrated low knowledge levels (52.6%), followed by moderate levels (42.3%), while a tiny proportion had high knowledge levels (5.1%). After health education interventions, students' knowledge levels showed considerable improvement: 29% high, 71% sufficient, and 0% low. The average score increased from 76.58 before therapy to 83.16 after treatment. The median values were 80 and 90. The paired t-test yielded a p-value of 0.049, suggesting that reproductive health education significantly improved students' knowledge at Banyuurip Elementary School. The study indicates that health education could improve students' understanding of puberty and the maintenance of reproductive health.